Phonetics

Course Main Objective

To make students acquainted with (linguistic sound) which is considered the base upon which speech is produced and foundation upon which the whole components of language are based; to learn about the details of such science being a kind of Quranic inimitability and how to acquire skill of good articulation of sound through identifying sound place and manner of articulation and its qualities.  

Course Learning Outcomes

• 1. Knowledge and Comprehension
•    1.1 termine definition of phonetics being an independent discipline, its domain, concerns, terms and effect on improving performance.
• 2. Skills 
  
•    2.1 Differentiate between articulation and properties of short vowels and consonants in both cases of singularity and complexity.
•    2.2 Apply basics of segmental analysis, acoustic transitions and articulatory phonetics rules in analyzing speech. 
•    2.3 Use sound labs and technology in studying linguistics sound.
• 3. Values 
•   3.1 Assume self-learning responsibility and practice teamwork and leading work. 
•   3.2 Observe integrity in performing the assignments concerning scientific reliability achieving traits of responsible citizen.

Course Content

1. An introduction about the course and its requirements.
2. Principles and domains of phonetics: definition of phonetics and its importance, domains and branches (articulatory phonetics, physiological phonetics, acoustic phonetics).
3. Terms of phonetics: difference between phonetics and phonology, phoneme, allophone, morpheme, phonetic analysis, consonants and vowels and their difference, difference between sound and letter, difference between sound and syllable, effect of phonetics in improving performance, scholars' most important efforts on sounds in the past and at present.
4. Description of the process of articulation and its components and the affecting organs:
- Identifying the movable and static articulation organs and how speech sounds produced, sound bands and its difference from places of articulation, difference between point and characteristic of sound articulation, the articulatory methods by which sound points of articulation are identified.
- Sound bands and their difference from points of articulation, difference between point of articulation and characteristic of articulation, the articulatory methods by which sound points of articulation are identified.
5. The Arabic vowels and consonants place of articulation and their characteristics and scholars' efforts on sounds:
- Number of sounds in Arabic language, taxonomy of sounds into origins and sub-sounds, divisions of sounds into vowels and consonants
- Vowels in Arabic language: place of articulation, characteristics and types and difference among them, the International Phonetic Alphabet and how to make use of it in teaching languages, phenomenon of vowels transformations, vowel pronunciation mistakes and their effect on writing and performance and how to solve such mistakes.
- Arabic consonants: places of articulation and characteristics: points of articulation for the ancients and the modernists.
- Arabic consonants' place of articulation and characteristics: points of articulation for the ancients and the modernists, the passive linguistic effect of phonological disorder
6. Characteristics of Arabic sounds that have opposite: Jahr (voiced letter), Hams (whisper), shiddah (strength), Rakhawah (softness), Itbaq (adhering to the roof of the mouth), Infitah (openness), Isti'la' (elevation), Istifal (lowering), Tafkhim (heaviness), Tarqiq (lightness), Izlaq (flowing letters), Isma (pronounced with difficulty).
7. Improved characteristics that have no opposite: Qalqalah (echoing), Ghunnah (nasalization), Safeer (whistle), Takreer (repetition), Tafashshy (spreading the sound), Istitaalah (drifting), Inhiraf (drifting) and dealing with it for the ancients and the modernists and the effect of Tajweed (enhancement) and Quran Recitations Science on phonetics.
8. Basics of syllabic analysis:
- Definition of a syllable and difference between it and the letter, speech syllables in Arabic language and their types, division of speech into syllables, acceptable and unacceptable syllables in Arabic language.
9. Phonetic structural transformations in Arabic language:
- Study of some phonetic phenomena:
- Accent: its characteristics and positions in Arabic language
- Tangheem (toning): its functions and effect on speech
- Idgham (merging): its parts and reasons and symbols in the Holy Quran
- Linguistic substitution: its reasons and difference between it and the morphological substitution- assimilation and dissimilation
10. Outputs of articulatory phonetics:
- Articulatory mistakes in producing sounds, linguistic diseases such as lisping, stammering, stuttering and faltering and how to remedy; how to improve articulatory performance in particular through the Munificent Quran, how to invest syllables in making easy articulation of difficult and long syllabus utterances.

Textbook (s) 

- Bishr, Kamal. Phonetics. Dar Gharib, Cairo, 1st ed. 2000.
- Al-Salami, Mahmoud. I. articulatory Phonetics. Al-Mutanabi Bookstore, Dammam, 1st ed. 2018.

Course ID: ARAB 208